Adjectives

ቅጽሎች (adjectives)

ቅጽሎች ስሞችን ይገልጻሉ። በእንግሊዝኛ ለብዙ ቁጥር ወይም ለጾታ አይቀየሩም፤ ከስሙ በፊት ወይም ከ be በኋላ ይመጣሉ፤ ብዙ ሲሆኑ ቋሚ ቅደም ተከተል አላቸው። ማነጻጸሪያ (cheaper, more expensive) እና ከሁሉ በላይ (the cheapest) ይሠራሉ።

ቅጽሎች የት እንደሚገቡና ቅደም ተከተላቸው

ቅጽል ከስሙ በፊት (a cheap apartment) ወይም ከ be, look, feel, seem, get በኋላ ይገባል (The apartment is cheap። You look tired።)። -s በፍጹም አይወስድም፦ two big houses እንጂ two bigs houses አይደለም። አማርኛ ቅጽሎችን ለብዙና ለጾታ ይቀይራል (ትልቅ / ትልልቅ)፤ እንግሊዝኛ አይቀይርም። ብዙ ቅጽሎች ሲኖሩ እንግሊዝኛ ቋሚ ቅደም ተከተል አለው፦ አስተያየት – መጠን – ዕድሜ – ቅርጽ – ቀለም – መነሻ – ቁስ – ዓላማ – ስም።

Opinion	Size	Age	Shape	Colour	Origin	Material	Purpose	Noun
a beautiful		old			Ethiopian			song
a nice	big			white				car
a	small		round			wooden	dining	table
some lovely		new		blue		cotton		dresses
a				black		leather	work	bag

ሁለት ወይም ሦስት ቅጽሎች የተለመዱ ናቸው፤ ከዚያ በላይ ተፈጥሯዊ አይመስልም።
የዜግነት ቅጽሎች በትልቅ ፊደል ይጀምራሉ፦ Ethiopian food, a Mexican restaurant።
ቅጽሎች -s በፍጹም አይወስዱም፦ the new rules, three tall men።

We found a nice two-bedroom apartment.
She bought a beautiful white traditional dress.
The new neighbours seem friendly.
He drives an old red Toyota.
The weather is getting cold.

-ed ወይስ -ing? bored እና boring

ብዙ የስሜት ቅጽሎች ሁለት ቅርጽ አላቸው። የ -ed ቅርጹ አንድ ሰው እንዴት እንደሚሰማው ይገልጻል፦ I'm bored (ሰልችቶኛል)፣ I'm interested፣ she's tired። የ -ing ቅርጹ ስሜቱን የሚፈጥረውን ነገር ወይም ሰው ይገልጻል፦ The meeting is boring (ስብሰባው አሰልቺ ነው)፣ the job is tiring። I'm boring ካሉ ሌሎች እርስዎን አሰልቺ ሆነው ያገኙዎታል ማለት ነው።

-ed: how I feel	-ing: what causes it
bored	boring
tired	tiring
interested	interesting
confused	confusing
excited	exciting
worried	worrying
surprised	surprising

ሰዎች -ed ይሰማቸዋል፤ ነገሮች -ing ናቸው። አንድ ሰው ስሜቱን ከፈጠረ -ing ሊሆን ይችላል፦ He's an interesting man።
ከ -ed በኋላ መስተዋድዶች፦ interested in, bored with, worried about, excited about, tired of።

The tax form is confusing. I'm really confused.
We're excited about our trip to Ethiopia.
Twelve-hour shifts are tiring.
I'm interested in the warehouse job.
It's worrying that rent keeps going up.

ማነጻጸሪያ፣ ከሁሉ በላይ እና as … as

ሁለት ነገሮችን ለማነጻጸር comparative + than ይጠቀሙ፦ Denver is colder than Las Vegas። አማርኛ “ዴንቨር ከላስ ቬጋስ ይበርዳል” ይላል፣ “ከ”ን ከሚነጻጸረው ነገር በፊት ያደርጋል፤ እንግሊዝኛ than የሚለውን ከቅጽሉ በኋላ ያደርጋል። ለቡድን የመጀመሪያ the + superlative ይጠቀሙ፦ the cheapest store, the most expensive car። ሁለት ነገሮች እኩል መሆናቸውን ለመናገር as + ቅጽል + as፤ እኩል ላለመሆን not as … as።

Adjective	Rule	Comparative	Superlative
one syllable: cheap	+ er / + est	cheaper	the cheapest
ends in -e: nice	+ r / + st	nicer	the nicest
one vowel + consonant: big	double the consonant	bigger	the biggest
ends in -y: easy	y → ier / iest	easier	the easiest
two or more syllables: expensive	more / the most	more expensive	the most expensive
irregular: good / bad / far	—	better / worse / farther	the best / the worst / the farthest

more ከ -er ጋር በፍጹም አይጠቀሙ፦ cheaper (more cheaper አይደለም)።
as … as ተራውን ቅጽል ይጠቀማል፦ as big as እንጂ as bigger as አይደለም።
ልዩነቱን በ much, a lot, a little ያሳድጉ ወይም ያሳንሱ፦ much cheaper, a little bigger።

The new apartment is bigger than our old one.
This is the best Ethiopian restaurant in the city.
Summer in Las Vegas is hotter than in Addis.
My commute isn't as long as yours.
Gas is a little more expensive this week.

የተለመዱ ስህተቶች

ስህተት	ትክክል	ለምን
~~They are goods workers.~~	They are good workers.	Adjectives never take -s.
~~a car white~~	a white car	The adjective goes before the noun.
~~I am boring in this class.~~	I am bored in this class.	Use -ed for how you feel.
~~This store is more cheaper.~~	This store is cheaper.	Don't use more with an -er comparative.
~~She is taller from me.~~	She is taller than me.	Comparatives take than, not from (Amharic ከ).
~~a red beautiful dress~~	a beautiful red dress	Opinion comes before colour.

ልምምድ

እያንዳንዱ መልስ ወዲያው ከምክንያቱ ጋር ይታረማል። እዚህ ምንም አይቀመጥም።

Choose the right order.
The movie was really ___.
I'm ___ in the cashier job.
Comparative of “big”: ___
Superlative of “easy”: the ___
This phone is ___ than that one.
Comparative of “good”: ___
My car is as old ___ yours.
Phoenix is hotter ___ Denver.
Correct it: “They have two smalls children.” → They have two ___ children.
It's ___ day of the year.