Auxiliary verbs: be, do, have

ረዳት ግሦች (auxiliary verbs)፦ be, do, have

be, do እና have እንደ ረዳት ይሠራሉ፦ ጊዜያትን፣ ጥያቄዎችን፣ አሉታዊዎችንና passive ን ይገነባሉ፤ አጭር መልሶችንና እንደ So do I እና Neither can I ያሉ ምላሾችንም ይሰጣሉ።

be, do እና have እንደ ረዳት

አማርኛ ጊዜን በግሡ መጨረሻ ይገነባል፦ እየሠራ ነው፣ ሠርቷል። እንግሊዝኛ ግን ብዙ ጊዜ የተለየ ረዳት ግሥ ይጠቀማል፦ he is working, he has worked። ጊዜውንና ሰውን የሚይዘው ረዳቱ ነው፤ ዋናው ግሥ አይለወጥም። ጥያቄ ለመሥራት ረዳቱን ከባለቤቱ በፊት ያምጡ፤ አሉታዊ ለመሥራት ከኋላው not ይጨምሩ። be, do እና have ዋና ግሥም ሊሆኑ ይችላሉ፦ I have a car, I do the dishes, she is a nurse።

Helper	Used for	Example
be + -ing	continuous tenses	She is working. They were sleeping.
be + past participle	the passive	It was made in Mexico.
have + past participle	perfect tenses	I have finished. We had left.
do / does / did	questions and negatives in the simple tenses	Do you know? He didn't call.
do / does / did (stressed)	emphasis	I do like it! She did call.
will, can, should…	modals are helpers too	I'll help. Can you come?

ጊዜውን የሚይዘው አንድ ረዳት ነው፦ Does she work? (Does she works? አይደለም) Did you see? (Did you saw? አይደለም)
ረዳት ባለው ዓረፍተ ነገር ላይ do አይጨምሩ፦ I can't swim (I don't can swim አይደለም)።
አጭር ቅርጾች፦ isn't, aren't, wasn't, weren't, don't, doesn't, didn't, haven't, hasn't, hadn't።

My son is doing his homework.
Have you ever worked in a restaurant?
I didn't get your message.
Our building was painted last year.
Does the bus stop here?

አጭር መልሶች

በእንግሊዝኛ ባዶ Yes ወይም No አጭር ወይም ቀዝቃዛ ሊመስል ይችላል። ባለቤቱንና ከጥያቄው ያለውን ረዳት ይጨምሩ፦ Do you…? — Yes, I do። Are you…? — No, I'm not። Have you…? — Yes, I have። ዋናውን ግሥ አይድገሙ።

Question	Yes	No
Do you speak Amharic?	Yes, I do.	No, I don't.
Does she drive?	Yes, she does.	No, she doesn't.
Did they call?	Yes, they did.	No, they didn't.
Are you ready?	Yes, I am.	No, I'm not.
Is it raining?	Yes, it is.	No, it isn't.
Have you eaten?	Yes, I have.	No, I haven't.
Can you come?	Yes, I can.	No, I can't.

አዎንታዊ አጭር መልስን አያሳጥሩ፦ Yes, I am (Yes, I'm አይደለም)። Yes, she is (Yes, she's አይደለም)።
በጥያቄው ባለው ረዳት ይመልሱ፦ Have you…? — Yes, I have (Yes, I did አይደለም)።

Do you have your ID? — Yes, I do.
Is the office open on Saturday? — No, it isn't.
Have you paid the rent? — Yes, I have.
Can you work tomorrow? — Yes, I can.

So do I፣ Neither do I

ከአንድ ሰው ጋር ለመስማማት፣ ከአዎንታዊ ዓረፍተ ነገር በኋላ So + ረዳት + ባለቤት፣ ከአሉታዊ በኋላ ደግሞ Neither + ረዳት + ባለቤት ይጠቀሙ። ከመጀመሪያው ዓረፍተ ነገር ያለውን ረዳት ይጠቀሙ፤ ከሌለ do, does ወይም did ይጠቀሙ። በቀላል ንግግር Me too እና Me neither ተመሳሳይ ሥራ ይሠራሉ። ለመቃወም ባለቤት + ረዳት ይጠቀሙ፦ I like it። — I don't።

They say	You agree	You disagree
I love injera.	So do I. / Me too.	I don't.
I'm tired.	So am I.	I'm not.
I went to the festival.	So did I.	I didn't.
I've never been to Texas.	Neither have I. / Me neither.	I have.
I can't swim.	Neither can I.	I can.
I don't like the cold.	Neither do I.	I do.

ከ So / Neither በኋላ ቅደም ተከተል፦ ረዳት + ባለቤት፦ So do I (So I do አይደለም)።
Neither ከኋላው አዎንታዊ ረዳት ይወስዳል፦ Neither do I (Neither don't I አይደለም)።
አሜሪካውያን በቀላል ንግግር Me neither ን Me either ብለውም ይላሉ።

I'm from Gondar. — So am I!
I didn't understand the letter. — Neither did I.
I work on weekends. — So does my wife.
I can't find parking. — Neither can I.

የተለመዱ ስህተቶች

ስህተት	ትክክል	ለምን
~~Does she works here?~~	Does she work here?	After does, the base verb, with no -s.
~~Do you like coffee? — Yes, I like.~~	Do you like coffee? — Yes, I do.	Short answers use the helper.
~~I like injera. — So like I.~~	I like injera. — So do I.	So + helper + subject.
~~I'm not hungry. — So am I.~~	I'm not hungry. — Neither am I.	To agree with a negative, use neither.
~~I don't can swim.~~	I can't swim.	A modal is already a helper; no do.
~~She not working today.~~	She isn't working today.	The continuous needs be: isn't working.

ልምምድ

እያንዳንዱ መልስ ወዲያው ከምክንያቱ ጋር ይታረማል። እዚህ ምንም አይቀመጥም።

___ she work on weekends?
Are you from Gondar? — Yes, I ___. (one word)
Have you eaten? — No, I ___.
I love coffee. — So ___ I. (one word)
I can't drive. — ___ can I.
I was late today. — So ___ I. (one word)
Can you swim? — Yes, I ___.
She ___ working right now; she's on a break.
They didn't come. — Neither ___ we. (one word)
Which sentence uses have as a helper?
My phone was ___ (make) in Korea. (one word)