Conjunctions and linking words

መስተጻምሮችና ማያያዣ ቃላት (conjunctions and linking words)

መስተጻምሮች ቃላትንና ዓረፍተ ነገሮችን ያገናኛሉ፦ and, but, or, so, because, although, while። እንደ however እና therefore ያሉ ማያያዣ ቃላት አንዱን ዓረፍተ ነገር ከሚቀጥለው ጋር ያገናኛሉ። እያንዳንዳቸው የራሳቸው ሥርዓተ ነጥብ አላቸው።

and, but, or, so

እነዚህ አራቱ ሁለት እኩል ክፍሎችን ያገናኛሉ። and ይጨምራል፤ but ተቃርኖ ያሳያል፤ or ምርጫ ይሰጣል፤ so ውጤት ያሳያል። አማርኛ ብዙ ጊዜ ዓረፍተ ነገሮችን በግሥ ቅጥያ ያገናኛል (መጥቶ በላ)፤ እንግሊዝኛ ግን በሁለቱ ዓረፍተ ነገሮች መካከል ለብቻው የቆመ ቃል ይፈልጋል። but እና so ሁለት ሙሉ ዓረፍተ ነገሮችን ሲያገናኙ ከፊታቸው ኮማ ያድርጉ።

Word	Meaning	Example
and	adds	I work in the morning and study at night.
but	contrast	The apartment is small, but it's cheap.
or	choice	Do you want tea or coffee?
so	result	It was late, so we took a taxi.

so ውጤቱን ይሰጣል፤ because ምክንያቱን ይሰጣል፦ It rained, so we stayed home። We stayed home because it rained።
በዝርዝር ውስጥ ከመጨረሻው በፊት and ያድርጉ፦ rice, lentils and onions።
በአሉታ and ሳይሆን or ይጠቀሙ፦ I don't drink coffee or tea።

She cooked doro wat, and we brought the injera.
I applied for the job, but they didn't call me.
You can pay online or at the office.
The bus was late, so I missed my appointment.

because, although, while, when, if

እነዚህ ቃላት በዋናው ሐረግ ላይ የሚደገፍ ሐረግ ይጀምራሉ። because = ምክንያት፤ although / even though = የሚያስገርም ተቃርኖ፤ while = በዚያው ጊዜ፣ ወይም ተቃርኖ፤ when = በዚያ ጊዜ፤ if = ሁኔታ። ሐረጉ አንደኛ ወይም ሁለተኛ ሊመጣ ይችላል። አንደኛ ከመጣ ከኋላው ኮማ ያድርጉ። አማርኛ ብዙ ጊዜ ይህን ክፍል ቀድሞ ያደርጋል (ስለደከመኝ ቀደምኩ)፤ በእንግሊዝኛ ብዙ ጊዜ ሁለተኛ ነው፦ I left early because I was tired።

Word	Meaning	Second	First (with a comma)
because	reason	I was late because the bus broke down.	Because the bus broke down, I was late.
although	contrast	We went out although it was cold.	Although it was cold, we went out.
while	same time / contrast	Someone called while I was driving.	While I like my job, the pay is low.
when	time	Call me when you arrive.	When you arrive, call me.
if	condition	I'll help you if I can.	If I can, I'll help you.

although ወይም but ይጠቀሙ፣ ሁለቱንም አይደለም፦ Although it's small, it's nice (Although it's small, but it's nice አይደለም)።
because + ባለቤት + ግሥ፤ because of + ስም፦ because it rained / because of the rain።
because ያለው ሐረግ ብቻውን ዓረፍተ ነገር አይደለም፦ I stayed home because I was sick ይጻፉ፤ Because I was sick ብቻ አይደለም።

I'm learning English because I want a better job.
Although he's only been here a year, he speaks English well.
My husband cooks while I help the kids with homework.
When I got home, the package was at the door.
The flight was delayed because of the storm.

however, therefore እና ሌሎች ማያያዣ ቃላት

ማያያዣ ተውሳኮች ሁለት የተለያዩ ዓረፍተ ነገሮችን ያገናኛሉ። የበለጠ መደበኛ ናቸው፣ በጽሑፍም የተለመዱ ናቸው፦ ለቢሮዎች ኢሜይል፣ ለትምህርት ቤት ደብዳቤ፣ የሥራ ማመልከቻ። ከፊታቸው ነጥብ (ወይም ሴሚኮሎን)፣ ከኋላቸው ኮማ ያድርጉ። በኮማ ብቻ ሁለት ዓረፍተ ነገሮችን ማገናኘት አይችሉም።

Meaning	Casual (joins in one sentence)	Formal (starts a new sentence)
contrast	but	However, … / Nevertheless, …
result	so	Therefore, … / As a result, …
addition	and	In addition, … / Also, … / Furthermore, …
example	like	For example, … / For instance, …
sequence	then	First, … Then, … Finally, …

ሥርዓተ ነጥብ፦ The rent is fair። However, the building is old። / The rent is fair; however, the building is old።
ስህተት፦ The rent is fair, however the building is old። (ኮማ ብቻ ሁለት ዓረፍተ ነገሮችን አያገናኝም።)

I have five years of experience. In addition, I have a forklift license.
The office was closed. Therefore, I could not submit the form.
My son is doing well in math. However, he needs help with reading.
First, fill out the form. Then, bring two forms of ID.

የተለመዱ ስህተቶች

ስህተት	ትክክል	ለምን
~~Although it was expensive, but we bought it.~~	Although it was expensive, we bought it.	Use although or but, not both.
~~I was tired, so that I slept early.~~	I was tired, so I slept early.	so alone shows the result.
~~Because I was sick.~~	I didn't go to work because I was sick.	A because-clause needs a main clause.
~~I like it, however it is expensive.~~	I like it. However, it is expensive.	however starts a new sentence (or follows a semicolon).
~~I came late because the traffic.~~	I came late because of the traffic.	because of + noun; because + subject + verb.
~~I don't like tea and coffee.~~	I don't like tea or coffee.	Use or in negative sentences.

ልምምድ

እያንዳንዱ መልስ ወዲያው ከምክንያቱ ጋር ይታረማል። እዚህ ምንም አይቀመጥም።

It was raining, ___ we took the bus.
We took the bus ___ it was raining.
___ she was tired, she finished her shift.
Do you want rice ___ pasta? (one word)
The flight was cancelled ___ the snow.
Choose the correct punctuation.
Someone knocked ___ I was in the shower.
I have a car. In ___, I have a commercial license. (one word)
The store was closed. ___, we went home.
Correct it: “Although it's far, but I like it.” → Although it's far, ___ like it.
I like my job, ___ my boss is difficult.