Imperatives: commands, requests and let's
የትእዛዝ ግሦች (imperatives)፦ ትእዛዝ፣ ጥያቄና let's
መሠረታዊው ግሥ ብቻውን (Turn left. Don't park here.) ትእዛዝ፣ መመሪያና ማስጠንቀቂያ ይሰጣል፤ let's ደግሞ ሐሳብ ያቀርባል። እንዴት እንደሚለዝብ ማወቅም እኩል አስፈላጊ ነው።
አወቃቀሩ
አማርኛ ትእዛዙን ለወንድ፣ ለሴት፣ ለቡድን ወይም ለሚከበር ሰው ይለውጣል፦ ሂድ፣ ሂጂ፣ ሂዱ፣ ይሂዱ። እንግሊዝኛ ለሁሉም አንድ ቅርጽ አለው፦ Go። ባለቤት የለውም፤ አሉታዊው ደግሞ Don't + መሠረታዊ ግሥ ነው።
| Form | Example | |
|---|---|---|
| positive | base verb | Turn left. Wait here. |
| negative | Don't + base verb | Don't park here. Don't be late. |
| strong negative | Never + base verb | Never leave the stove on. |
| emphatic | Do + base verb | Do come in! Do sit down. |
| suggestion | Let's + base verb | Let's go. |
| negative suggestion | Let's not + base verb | Let's not wait. |
- በተለመደ ትእዛዝ you አይገባም፦ Sit down (You sit down አይደለም)።
- Don't + መሠረታዊ ግሥ፣ ያለ to፦ Don't forget (Don't to forget አይደለም)።
- be ም ይውላል፦ Be careful። Don't be shy።
- Fill in your name and date of birth.
- Don't leave your bag on the seat.
- Be careful, the floor is wet.
- Never give your PIN to anyone.
ትእዛዞች፣ ጥያቄዎችና መመሪያዎች
imperative ለመመሪያዎች (የምግብ አሠራር፣ አቅጣጫ፣ ፎርም፣ ምልክቶች) እና በቤተሰብና በቅርብ ጓደኞች መካከል የተለመደ ነው። በአሜሪካ ግን ለማያውቁት አዋቂ፣ ለሥራ ባልደረባ ወይም ለአለቃ ባዶ ትእዛዝ ብልግና ሊመስል ይችላል። please ይጨምሩ፣ ወይም በ Can you…?፣ Could you…? ወይም Would you mind…? ወደ ጥያቄ ይለውጡት።
| How polite | Example |
|---|---|
| direct (family, signs, instructions) | Close the door. |
| softer | Close the door, please. |
| polite | Can you close the door, please? |
| more polite | Could you close the door, please? |
| very polite | Would you mind closing the door? |
- መመሪያዎች imperative ን በቅደም ተከተል ይጠቀማሉ፦ First, mix the flour። Then add the water።
- Would you mind + -ing? ለማድረግ ከተስማሙ No, not at all ብለው ይመልሱ።
- ማስጠንቀቂያዎች አጭር ናቸው፦ Watch out! Look out! Stop!
- Go straight for two blocks, then turn right.
- Take one tablet twice a day with food.
- Could you send me the address, please?
- Would you mind waiting a few minutes?
- Press 1 for English.
Let's እና ሌሎች የሐሳብ አቀራረቦች
Let's (= let us) + መሠረታዊ ግሥ ለእርስዎና ለሌላው ሰው አብሮ የሚሆን ሐሳብ ያቀርባል፤ እንደ አማርኛው "እንሂድ"። አሉታዊው Let's not ነው። ሌሎች የሐሳብ ማቅረቢያ መንገዶች Why don't we…?፣ Shall we…? እና How about + -ing? ናቸው። Let me ይለያል፦ አንድን ነገር ራስዎ ለመሥራት ያቀርባል (Let me help you)።
| Suggestion | Yes | No |
|---|---|---|
| Let's eat out tonight. | Yes, let's. / Good idea. | Let's not. I'm tired. |
| Why don't we take the bus? | Sure, why not? | I'd rather drive. |
| Shall we start? | Yes, let's. | Let's wait for Abebe. |
| How about going to the park? | Sounds good. | Maybe another day. |
- Let's + መሠረታዊ ግሥ፣ ያለ to፦ Let's go (Let's to go አይደለም)።
- አሉታዊ፦ Let's not (Let's don't አይደለም)።
- How about -ing ይወስዳል፦ How about meeting at six?
- Let's meet at the coffee shop after church.
- Let's not tell the kids yet.
- Why don't we split the bill?
- Let me carry that for you.
የተለመዱ ስህተቶች
| ስህተት | ትክክል | ለምን |
|---|---|---|
| Go straight and turn left. | Normal imperatives have no subject. | |
| Don't park here. | Negative imperative: Don't + verb. | |
| Don't forget your ID. | No to after Don't. | |
| Could I have some water, please? | A bare imperative to a server or a stranger can sound rude. | |
| Let's go home. | Let's + base verb, with no to. | |
| Let's not wait. | The negative of let's is let's not. |
ልምምድ
እያንዳንዱ መልስ ወዲያው ከምክንያቱ ጋር ይታረማል። እዚህ ምንም አይቀመጥም።
___ left at the light.
___ park in front of the gate. (negative)
Which is the most polite to a stranger?
___ go to the park this afternoon. It's sunny! (suggestion, one word)
Let's ___ late again.
Don't ___ your phone at the counter.
Instructions: ___ in the form in black ink. (one word)
Would you mind ___ me with this bag?
Close the door. → ___ you close the door, please? (one word)
“Shall we eat now?” — “Yes, ___.”