ሰፈርSefer
ዝርዝሮች ለ ኮሎምበስ, OH

የእርስዎ ከተማ

ይህን ከበይነመረብ ግንኙነትዎ እንገምታለን። የስልክ አውታረ መረቦች ብዙ ጊዜ ይሳሳታሉ።

የእርስዎ ከተማ አይደለም?
Englishይለጥፉ
ዝርዝር

በColumbus, OH ያሉ ይመስላሉ፤ ስለዚህ በኮሎምበስ, OH አስቀምጠንዎታል።

የሰዋስው መጽሐፍ · ጊዜያት

Past perfect

ያለፈ ፍጹም ጊዜ (past perfect)

I had worked። ከያለፈው በፊት ያለ ያለፈ፦ በያለፈው ከሌላ ድርጊት ወይም ጊዜ በፊት የሆነ ድርጊት።

ቅርጹ

had + past participle፣ ለሁሉም ሰው አንድ ነው፦ I had left, she had left, they had left። አጭሩ ቅርጽ 'd ነው፦ I'd left። አማርኛ ይህን ብዙ ጊዜ በ"ሄዶ ነበር" ያሳያል፦ When I arrived, she had left = ስደርስ ሄዳ ነበር።

All persons
+I / she / they had (’d) finished.
−I / she / they hadn't finished.
?Had you / she / they finished?
short answersYes, I had. / No, I hadn't.
  • 'd had ወይም would ሊሆን ይችላል፦ I'd gone (had) / I'd go (would)። ከኋላው ያለው ግሥ የትኛው እንደሆነ ይነግርዎታል።
  • When we got to the store, it had closed.
  • I had never seen snow before I moved to Denver.
  • She was nervous because she hadn't driven on the freeway before.
  • Had you met him before the interview?

መቼ ይሠራበታል

በጊዜ መስመር ላይ ሁለት ያለፉ ነጥቦች አሉ፦ ያለፈ ፍጹም ቀደም ያለው፣ ያለፈ ቀላል የኋለኛው ነው። I arrived at the station at 8:05። The train had left at 8:00። ቀድሞውኑ ስለ ያለፈ ታሪክ እየተናገሩ ሳለ ወደ ኋላ መሄድ ሲያስፈልግዎ ይጠቀሙበት። ቅደም ተከተሉ በ before / after ግልጽ ከሆነ ያለፈ ቀላልም ይሠራል፦ The train left before I arrived።

Earlier (past perfect)Later (past simple)
The movie had startedwhen we got there.
I had already eaten,so I didn't want lunch.
After she had saved enough money,she bought a car.
  • ጠቋሚ ቃላት፦ before, after, already, by the time, by then, when, never… before።
  • በተዘዋዋሪ ንግግርና በሦስተኛው ሁኔታዊ (third conditional) ውስጥም ይገባል፦ She said she had lost it። If I had known, I would have called።
  • By the time the ambulance came, the neighbour had already helped him.
  • I didn't recognise her. She had changed so much.
  • We had lived in Ethiopia for thirty years before we came here.
  • He told me he had found a new job.

ያለፈ ፍጹም ወይስ ያለፈ ቀላል?

ጊዜው ትርጉሙን ይቀይራል። When I got to the party, Selam left (እኔ ደረስኩ፣ ከዚያ እሷ ሄደች፤ አይቻታለሁ) / When I got to the party, Selam had left (እሷ ቀድማ ሄደች፤ አላየኋትም)። አንድ ነገር ብዙ ጊዜ ስላለፈው ብቻ ያለፈ ፍጹምን አይጠቀሙ፦ I came to the US in 2010 (I had come አይደለም)። የሚጠቀሙበት ከሌላ ያለፈ ቅጽበት "በፊት" ማለት ሲያስፈልግ ብቻ ነው።

  • አንድ ያለፈ ክስተት ብቻ = ያለፈ ቀላል። ሁለት ያለፉ ክስተቶች፣ ወደ ቀደመው ሲመለሱ = ያለፈ ፍጹም።
  • When I called, he answered. / When I called, he had gone to bed.
  • I lost my keys yesterday. / I couldn't get in because I had lost my keys.
  • She got married in 2015.

የተለመዱ ስህተቶች

ስህተትትክክልለምን
I had came to the US in 2010.I came to the US in 2010.One past event with a date: past simple, not past perfect.
When I arrived, the bus already left.When I arrived, the bus had already left.The earlier action needs the past perfect.
She had went home.She had gone home.had + past participle: gone, not went.
He has finished before I came.He had finished before I came.Before a past moment: had, not has.
I never had seen the ocean before.I had never seen the ocean before.never goes between had and the participle.

ልምምድ

እያንዳንዱ መልስ ወዲያው ከምክንያቱ ጋር ይታረማል። እዚህ ምንም አይቀመጥም።

  1. When I got to the clinic, it ___.

  2. She ___ (never / fly) before she came to America. (three words)

  3. I wasn't hungry because I ___ lunch.

  4. had + ___ (past participle of go)

  5. “When I arrived, Dawit had left.” Did I see Dawit?

  6. We ___ to Las Vegas in 2016.

  7. By the time the police came, the thief ___ run away. (one word)

  8. In “I'd seen it before”, 'd means:

  9. She said she ___ her phone.

  10. ___ you ever driven in snow before you moved to Denver? (one word)

በትምህርቱ ይማሩት