Prepositions of time

የጊዜ መስተዋድዶች (prepositions of time)

at ለሰዓት፣ on ለቀናትና ለቀኖች፣ in ለወራት፣ ለዓመታትና ለቀኑ ክፍሎች። for, since, during, by እና until ምን ያህል ጊዜ፣ መቼ፣ እና እስከ መቼ እንደሆነ ይናገራሉ።

at, on, in

አማርኛ ለአብዛኞቹ አንድ ቅድመ ቅጥያ ይጠቀማል (በሰኞ፣ በሦስት ሰዓት፣ በ2020)፤ እንግሊዝኛ ግን በጊዜው መጠን at, on እና in መካከል ይመርጣል። ትንሽና ትክክለኛ (ሰዓት)፦ at። ቀን ወይም ቀን (date)፦ on። ረዘም ያሉ ጊዜያት (ወራት፣ ዓመታት፣ ወቅቶች፣ የቀኑ ክፍሎች)፦ in። የኢትዮጵያ አቆጣጠርና የአሜሪካ ሰዓት በተለያየ መንገድ እንደሚቆጠሩም ያስታውሱ፦ እዚህ 7 a.m. በኢትዮጵያ አቆጣጠር ከጠዋቱ 1 ሰዓት ነው።

at	on	in
at 8:30, at noon, at midnight	on Monday, on Fridays	in May, in 2019
at night	on May 5th, on my birthday	in the morning / afternoon / evening
at the weekend (UK) / on the weekend (US)	on Christmas Day, on New Year's Eve	in (the) summer, in winter
at Christmas, at lunchtime	on Monday morning	in the 1990s, in the 21st century

ከ this, next, last, every, today, tomorrow, yesterday በፊት መስተዋድድ የለም፦ I'll see you next Friday (on next Friday አይደለም)።
in the morning፣ ግን on Monday morning (የተወሰነ ቀን on ይወስዳል)፣ እና at night።
በአሜሪካ እንግሊዝኛ on the weekend ይበሉ።

My shift starts at 6 a.m.
The office is closed on Sundays.
We moved to Las Vegas in 2018.
I'll call you on Tuesday afternoon.
It gets very hot here in July.
See you next week!

for, since, during

for + የጊዜ ርዝመት How long? የሚለውን ይመልሳል፦ for two hours, for ten years። since + መነሻ ጊዜ፣ ብዙ ጊዜ ከአሁን ፍጹም ጋር፦ since 2015, since Monday። during + ስም አንድ ነገር በአንድ ጊዜ ውስጥ መቼ እንደሚሆን ይናገራል፦ during the meeting, during Ramadan። በአማርኛ ለ…፣ ከ… ጀምሮ፣ በ… ጊዜ እነዚህን ይሸፍናሉ፤ ስለዚህ በጥንቃቄ ያዛምዱ።

Word	Followed by	Example
for	a length of time	I waited for 40 minutes.
since	a starting point	She has worked here since March.
during	a noun (an event or period)	My phone rang during the interview.
while	a subject + verb	My phone rang while I was in the interview.
ago	after a length of time	I came here five years ago.

during + ስም፤ while + ባለቤት + ግሥ፦ during the flight / while we were flying።
ሁኔታው ከቀጠለ since የአሁን ፍጹምን ይፈልጋል፦ I have lived here since 2020 (I live here since 2020 አይደለም)።
ago ከጊዜው በኋላ ይገባል፣ ከቀላል ያለፈ ጊዜ ጋር፦ two years ago።

We have been married for twelve years.
I haven't seen him since the wedding.
Please turn off your phone during the service.
He slept during the whole movie.
My mother arrived three days ago.

by እና until

until (ወይም till) ሁኔታው እስከዚያ ጊዜ ቀጥሎ ይቆማል ማለት ነው፦ The store is open until 9። by በዚያ ጊዜ ወይም ከዚያ በፊት ማለት ነው፣ የመጨረሻ ቀን፦ Pay the rent by the 5th። የአማርኛው “እስከ” ሁለቱንም ሊያመለክት ይችላል፤ ስለዚህ ራስዎን ይጠይቁ፦ ይቀጥላል (until) ወይስ የመጨረሻ ቀን ነው (by)?

until: continues, then stops	by: not later than (deadline)
I work until 5.	I'll finish the report by 5.
We'll wait until you arrive.	Please arrive by 9:45.
The pool is closed until Monday.	Send the form by Monday.
She stayed until midnight.	I'll be home by midnight.

from … to / until፦ The clinic is open from 8 to 5።
by the time + ሐረግ፦ By the time we got there, the store was closed።

You have to apply by October 31.
The baby slept until seven this morning.
Can you send me the photos by tonight?
I'm working from 3 until 11 today.

የተለመዱ ስህተቶች

ስህተት	ትክክል	ለምን
~~I start work in 7 o'clock.~~	I start work at 7 o'clock.	Clock times take at.
~~See you on next Monday.~~	See you next Monday.	No preposition before next, last, this, every.
~~I was born at 1990.~~	I was born in 1990.	Years take in.
~~I live here since five years.~~	I have lived here for five years.	A length of time takes for, with the present perfect.
~~Pay the bill until Friday.~~	Pay the bill by Friday.	A deadline takes by.
~~She called during I was cooking.~~	She called while I was cooking.	during + noun; while + subject + verb.

ልምምድ

እያንዳንዱ መልስ ወዲያው ከምክንያቱ ጋር ይታረማል። እዚህ ምንም አይቀመጥም።

The meeting is ___ 10:30.
My daughter's birthday is ___ June 12th.
We arrived in the US ___ 2016.
I usually read ___ night. (one word)
I've known her ___ ten years.
He has worked at the casino ___ 2019.
Don't talk ___ the movie.
Please return the form ___ Friday.
The store is open ___ 10 p.m.
Correct it: “I'll see you on tomorrow.” → I'll see you ___.
We have a party ___ Saturday evening.
I came here three years ___. (one word)