Present simple
የአሁን ቀላል ጊዜ (present simple)
I work, she works። ለእውነታዎች፣ ለልማዶችና ለዕለት ተግባሮች፦ አሁን ብቻ ሳይሆን በአጠቃላይ እውነት ለሆኑ ነገሮች።
ቅርጹ
የአሁን ቀላል ጊዜ መሠረታዊው ግሥ ነው (work, live, go)። ከ he, she, it ጋር -s ይጨመራል፦ she works, he lives, it goes። ለአሉታዊና ለጥያቄ do / does አጋዥ ግሥ ይገባል፤ ዋናው ግሥ ወደ መሠረታዊ ቅርጹ ይመለሳል፦ she doesn't work (she doesn't works አይደለም)፣ Does she work? አማርኛ ለእያንዳንዱ ሰው የግሡን መጨረሻ ይቀይራል (እሠራለሁ፣ ትሠራለህ፣ ይሠራል)፤ እንግሊዝኛ የሚቀይረው ለ he, she, it ብቻ ነው።
| I / you / we / they | he / she / it | |
|---|---|---|
| + | I work nights. | She works nights. |
| − | I don't (do not) work nights. | She doesn't (does not) work nights. |
| ? | Do you work nights? | Does she work nights? |
| short answers | Yes, I do. / No, I don't. | Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't. |
- የ -s አጻጻፍ፦ አብዛኞቹ ግሦች + s (works)፤ -s, -sh, -ch, -x, -o + es (watches, goes, does)፤ ተነባቢ + y → ies (studies፣ ግን plays)።
- ከ he, she, it ጋር have → has፦ She has two kids።
- አንድ -s ብቻ፦ doesn't ቀድሞውኑ he/she/it ያሳያል፤ ዋናው ግሥ -s አይወስድም።
- My husband drives for a rideshare company.
- The bus doesn't stop here on Sundays.
- Do you speak Amharic at home? — Yes, we do.
- Where does your daughter go to school?
- The store opens at nine.
መቼ ይሠራበታል
የጊዜ መስመርን ያስቡ፦ የአሁን ቀላል በመስመሩ ላይ አንድ ነጥብ አይደለም፤ ደጋግሞ የሚመጡ ብዙ ነጥቦች (ልማድ) ወይም ሙሉው መስመር (እውነታ) ነው። ለዕለት ተግባር (I get up at five)፣ ለቋሚ ሁኔታ (She lives in Henderson)፣ ለእውነታ (Water boils at 100 °C)፣ ለጊዜ ሰሌዳ (The flight leaves at 6:40) እና ከሁኔታ ግሦች ጋር (I know, I like, it costs) ይጠቀሙበት። አማርኛ ለአሁን፣ ለልማድና ለወደፊት አንድ ቅርጽ ይጠቀማል (እሠራለሁ)፤ እንግሊዝኛ ለእያንዳንዱ የተለየ ጊዜ ይፈልጋል።
- ጠቋሚ ቃላት፦ always, usually, often, sometimes, rarely, never, every day/week, on Mondays, once a month።
- የድግግሞሽ ተውሳኮች ከዋናው ግሥ በፊት፣ ከ be በኋላ ይገባሉ፦ I often work late። I'm often late።
- I usually pick up the kids at three.
- We go to church every Sunday.
- Rent is due on the first of the month.
- The 109 bus runs every fifteen minutes.
የአሁን ቀላል ወይስ የአሁን ቀጣይ?
የአሁን ቀላል ብዙ ጊዜ ወይም ሁልጊዜ እውነት ለሆነ ነው፤ የአሁን ቀጣይ አሁን ለሚሆን ወይም ለአጭር ጊዜ ብቻ ለሆነ ነው። I work at a hotel (ሥራዬ ነው) / I'm working at the front desk this week (ጊዜያዊ)። usually መጨመር ከቻሉ ቀላሉን፣ right now መጨመር ከቻሉ ቀጣዩን ይጠቀሙ።
| Present simple | Present continuous |
|---|---|
| She speaks three languages. | She's speaking Tigrinya on the phone. |
| I take the bus to work. | I'm taking the bus this week; my car is in the shop. |
| It rains a lot in Seattle. | Look, it's raining! |
- ስለ ሥራ ጥያቄ ቀላሉን ይጠቀማል፦ What do you do? (= ሥራዎ ምንድነው?)
- What do you do? — I'm a nurse. I work at Sunrise Hospital.
- What are you doing? — I'm filling out a job application.
- He usually walks to work, but today he's driving.
የተለመዱ ስህተቶች
| ስህተት | ትክክል | ለምን |
|---|---|---|
| He works at the casino. | He/she/it takes -s in the positive. | |
| She doesn't work on Sunday. | After doesn't, the verb has no -s. | |
| Where do you live? | Questions need do/does. | |
| I work every day. | Don't add am/is/are to a present simple verb. | |
| Does he have a car? | After does, use the base form: have. | |
| My son goes to school by bus. | My son = he, so goes. |
ልምምድ
እያንዳንዱ መልስ ወዲያው ከምክንያቱ ጋር ይታረማል። እዚህ ምንም አይቀመጥም።
My sister ___ in Denver.
He ___ (not / like) coffee. (short form)
___ your children speak Amharic?
he / watch → he ___
she / study → she ___
Does she work on weekends? — No, she ___.
Which is correct?
Where ___ your husband work? (one word)
Water ___ at 100 degrees Celsius.
What do you do?
she / have → she ___