Pronouns

ተውላጠ ስሞች (pronouns)

ተውላጠ ስሞች በስም ቦታ ይቆማሉ፦ I, me, my, mine, myself። እንግሊዝኛ ለባለቤት፣ ለተሳቢና ለባለንብረት የተለያየ ቅርጽ ይጠቀማል፤ አማርኛ ቢተወውም ዓረፍተ ነገሩ ሁልጊዜ የባለቤት ተውላጠ ስሙን ይፈልጋል።

የተውላጠ ስሞች ሰንጠረዥ

አማርኛ ሰውን በግሡ ውስጥ ያስገባል (ሄድኩ = I went)፣ ስለዚህ “እኔ” ብዙ ጊዜ ይቀራል። የእንግሊዝኛ ግሦች ሰውን በግልጽ ስለማያሳዩ የባለቤት ተውላጠ ስም ሁልጊዜ ያስፈልጋል፦ I went እንጂ Went አይደለም። ከግሡ በፊት የባለቤት ቅርጽ፣ ከግሥ ወይም ከመስተዋድድ በኋላ የተሳቢ ቅርጽ ይጠቀሙ።

Subject	Object	Possessive adjective	Possessive pronoun	Reflexive
I	me	my	mine	myself
you	you	your	yours	yourself / yourselves
he	him	his	his	himself
she	her	her	hers	herself
it	it	its	—	itself
we	us	our	ours	ourselves
they	them	their	theirs	themselves

ከግሡ በፊት ባለቤት፦ She called። ከግሥ ወይም ከመስተዋድድ በኋላ ተሳቢ፦ I called her። This is for him።
የእንግሊዝኛው you ለአንድ ሰው፣ ለብዙ ሰዎች፣ ለአክብሮትም ለተራም አንድ ነው (አንተ፣ አንቺ፣ እርስዎ፣ እናንተ)።
ለወንድ he፣ ለሴት she፣ ለዕቃ ወይም ለማያውቁት እንስሳ it ይጠቀሙ። አያምታቱ።

My sister lives in Henderson. She works at a bank.
Can you help me? I can't find my keys.
Tell them we're on our way.
This phone isn't mine. Is it yours?
Between you and me, the manager is leaving.

my ወይስ mine? ራስን የሚያመለክቱ ተውላጠ ስሞች

የባለቤትነት ቅጽሎች (my, your, her) ከስም በፊት ይመጣሉ፦ my car። የባለቤትነት ተውላጠ ስሞች (mine, yours, hers) ያለ ስም ብቻቸውን ይቆማሉ፦ The car is mine። ራስን የሚያመለክቱ (myself, herself) ባለቤቱና ተሳቢው አንድ ሰው ሲሆኑ ወይም ለአጽንዖት ያገለግላሉ፦ I cut myself። She fixed it herself። by myself = ብቻዬን፣ ያለ እርዳታ።

Before a noun	Alone
This is my coat.	This coat is mine.
Is that your bag?	Is that bag yours?
It's her idea.	The idea is hers.
That's our table.	That table is ours.
Their house is bigger.	Theirs is bigger.

የባለቤትነት ተውላጠ ስሞች አፖስትሮፊ አይወስዱም፦ yours, hers, ours, theirs (your's አይደለም)።
its (ያለ አፖስትሮፊ) = የእሱ (የዕቃው)። it's = it is / it has።
እንደ feel, relax, meet ካሉ ግሦች በኋላ በተለመደ እንግሊዝኛ ራስን የሚያመለክት አይጠቀሙ፦ I feel tired (I feel myself tired አይደለም)።

Is this seat yours or hers?
The company changed its name.
He taught himself English with videos.
I live by myself.
Help yourselves to some coffee!

it, there, one እና ones

የእንግሊዝኛ ዓረፍተ ነገሮች እውነተኛ ባለቤት ባይኖርም ባለቤት ያስፈልጋቸዋል። ለአየር ሁኔታ፣ ለሰዓት፣ ለርቀትና መግለጫ ለመጀመር it ይጠቀሙ፦ It's hot። It's ten o'clock። It's two miles። አንድ ነገር መኖሩን ለመናገር there is / there are ይጠቀሙ። የሚቆጠር ስም ላለመድገም one / ones ይጠቀሙ፦ I don't like the red shirt; I prefer the blue one።

Use	Example
it: weather	It's very windy today.
it: time / day / date	It's Friday. It's 5:30.
it: distance	It's 20 minutes from here.
it + adjective + to	It's hard to find parking.
there: exists	There's a gas station on the corner.
one / ones	Which bus? The one to the airport. These apples are better than the green ones.

በ Is ወይም Are ብቻ አይጀምሩ፦ It is cold (Is cold አይደለም)።
one የሚቆጠር ስምን ብቻ ይተካል፤ ለማይቆጠሩ ስሞች ይተዉት፦ I need some milk። Do we have any?

It's raining, so take an umbrella.
It takes 15 minutes to walk to the store.
There's a problem with my bill.
My phone is old. I need a new one.

የተለመዱ ስህተቶች

ስህተት	ትክክል	ለምን
~~Is very hot today.~~	It is very hot today.	English needs a subject: use it for weather.
~~Me and him went to the store.~~	He and I went to the store.	Use subject forms (I, he) before the verb.
~~She gave the keys to I.~~	She gave the keys to me.	After a preposition, use the object form.
~~My wife, he works at the hotel.~~	My wife works at the hotel.	Don't repeat the subject with a pronoun; and use she for a woman.
~~This book is your's.~~	This book is yours.	Possessive pronouns have no apostrophe.
~~The dog hurt it's leg.~~	The dog hurt its leg.	its = belonging to it; it's = it is.

ልምምድ

እያንዳንዱ መልስ ወዲያው ከምክንያቱ ጋር ይታረማል። እዚህ ምንም አይቀመጥም።

___ is my cousin. She lives in Denver.
Can you call ___ tomorrow?
This coat isn't mine. It's ___.
___ raining. (two words or a short form)
The restaurant changed ___ menu.
We painted the apartment ___. (reflexive)
My parents love ___ grandchildren.
I don't want the big box. Give me the small ___.
Correct it: “Me and Abebe work together.” → Abebe and ___ work together.
Mr. Tesfaye is our landlord. Do you know ___?
She lives by ___. (= alone)