Future perfect
የወደፊት ፍጹም ጊዜ (future perfect)
I will have finished. For an action that will be complete before a certain time in the future.
The form
will + have + past participle, the same for every person: she will have finished (have, never has, after will). Amharic: ጨርሼ እሆናለሁ (I will have finished).
In Amharic
will + have + past participle፣ ለሁሉም ሰው አንድ ነው፦ she will have finished (ከ will በኋላ have እንጂ has በፍጹም አይገባም)። በአማርኛ፦ "ጨርሼ እሆናለሁ"።
| All persons | |
|---|---|
| + | I / she / they will (’ll) have finished. |
| − | I / she / they won't have finished. |
| ? | Will you / she / they have finished? |
| short answers | Yes, I will. / No, I won't. |
- Signal words: by Friday, by then, by the end of the year, by the time you arrive, before, in two years' time.
- by = not later than: by 5 p.m. means at 5 or before.
- I'll have finished the report by Friday.
- By the time you get here, the kids will have gone to bed.
- She won't have saved enough money by December.
- Will the package have arrived by Monday?
When to use it
Stand at a point in the future and look back: the action is already done. On a timeline, the deadline is a point in the future, and the action finishes somewhere before it. By June, I'll have worked here for a year. By 2030, we'll have paid off the house. It is the present perfect moved into the future, so it is very useful for deadlines, goals and plans at work.
In Amharic
በወደፊት አንድ ነጥብ ላይ ቆመው ወደኋላ ይመልከቱ፦ ድርጊቱ ቀድሞ አልቋል። በጊዜ መስመር ላይ የመጨረሻው ቀን በወደፊት ያለ ነጥብ ነው፤ ድርጊቱ ከዚያ በፊት የሆነ ቦታ ላይ ያልቃል። By June, I'll have worked here for a year። By 2030, we'll have paid off the house። ወደ ወደፊት የተወሰደ የአሁን ፍጹም ነው፤ ስለዚህ ለመጨረሻ ቀኖች፣ ለግቦችና ለሥራ ዕቅዶች በጣም ይጠቅማል።
- After by the time / when / before, use the present: By the time you arrive (not will arrive), I'll have cooked.
- Don't worry, I'll have fixed the sink before your mother arrives.
- By the end of this course, you'll have learned more than 1,000 words.
- In two years' time, my son will have graduated from college.
- The store will have closed by the time we get there.
Future perfect or will?
will + verb says the action happens at that time; will have + participle says it is finished before that time. I'll finish the report on Friday (I'll do it on Friday) / I'll have finished the report by Friday (it'll be done on Friday or earlier). by goes with the future perfect; on / at go with will.
In Amharic
will + ግሥ ድርጊቱ በዚያ ጊዜ እንደሚሆን ይናገራል፤ will have + participle ከዚያ ጊዜ በፊት እንደሚጠናቀቅ ይናገራል። I'll finish the report on Friday (ዓርብ እሠራዋለሁ) / I'll have finished the report by Friday (ዓርብ ወይም ከዚያ በፊት ያልቃል)። by ከወደፊት ፍጹም ጋር ይሄዳል፤ on / at ከ will ጋር ይሄዳሉ።
| will | will have + participle |
|---|---|
| The movie will start at 8. | The movie will have started by the time we arrive. |
| I'll pay the bill tomorrow. | I'll have paid the bill by the due date. |
- by + time = future perfect is likely; at / on + time = will is likely.
- The plane will land at 9. By 10, we'll have picked up our bags.
- I'll start the course in January, and by June I'll have finished it.
- Call me at 6. I'll have got home by then.
Common mistakes
| Mistake | Correct | Why |
|---|---|---|
| I will have finished by Friday. | Future perfect: will have + participle. | |
| She will have left by then. | After will, always have (never has). | |
| By the time you arrive, I'll have cooked. | After by the time, use the present. | |
| I'll have finished the report by Friday. | A deadline is by, not until. | |
| By next year I will have gone to college. | will have + past participle (gone). |
Practice
Each answer is checked as you go, with the reason. Nothing here is saved.
By 6 p.m. I ___ all the laundry.
She will ___ left by the time we arrive. (one word)
I'll have finished the form ___ Monday.
By June, we ___ (live) here for ten years. (three words, or short form)
By the time you ___, I'll have cooked dinner.
“I'll have paid the rent by the 1st.” When will I pay?
Past participle of “go” in: By noon they will have ___.
Will the doctor have seen the results by Friday? — Yes, she ___.
Which is correct?