Nouns and plurals
ስሞችና ብዙ ቁጥር (nouns and plurals)
ስሞች ሰዎችን፣ ቦታዎችንና ነገሮችን ይሰይማሉ። አብዛኞቹ ለብዙ -s ይጨምራሉ፤ ግን በአንዳንድ መጨረሻዎች ፊደሉ ይቀየራል፣ ጥቂት የተለመዱ ስሞችም ከሕግ ውጭ ናቸው።
የወል ስምና የተጸውዖ ስም
የወል ስም አጠቃላይ ቃል ነው፦ city, doctor, church, month። የተጸውዖ ስም የአንድ የተወሰነ ሰው፣ ቦታ ወይም ነገር መጠሪያ ነው፦ Las Vegas, Dr. Haile, St. Mary's Church, January። የተጸውዖ ስሞች በዓረፍተ ነገሩ የትም ቦታ ቢሆኑ ሁልጊዜ በትልቅ ፊደል ይጀምራሉ። አማርኛ ትልቅ ፊደል ስለሌለው ይህን መርሳት ቀላል ነው።
| Common noun | Proper noun |
|---|---|
| a city | Las Vegas, Denver |
| a language | English, Amharic |
| a day / a month | Monday, September |
| a store | Walmart, the Ethiopian market on Maryland Parkway |
| a country | Ethiopia, the United States |
- ስሞችን፣ ከተሞችን፣ አገሮችን፣ ቋንቋዎችን፣ ዜግነቶችን፣ ቀናትንና ወራትን በትልቅ ፊደል ይጀምሩ።
- ወቅቶች የወል ስሞች ናቸው፦ summer, winter (በትንሽ ፊደል)።
- My cousin moved from Addis Ababa to Las Vegas in May.
- She speaks Amharic, Tigrinya and English.
- The clinic is closed on Sunday.
- We go to church every week.
የብዙ ቁጥር አጻጻፍ ሕጎች
አማርኛ ብዙ ቁጥርን በ -ኦች ይሠራል (መኪና → መኪናዎች)፣ ከቁጥር በኋላም ብዙ ጊዜ ስሙን ነጠላ ይተወዋል (ሁለት መኪና)። እንግሊዝኛ ከሁለትና ከዚያ በላይ በኋላ ሁልጊዜ ብዙ ቁጥርን ያሳያል፦ two cars, three children። አብዛኞቹ ስሞች -s ይጨምራሉ፤ የቃሉ መጨረሻ ግን አጻጻፉን ይቀይራል።
| Ending | Rule | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| most nouns | + s | car → cars, job → jobs, house → houses |
| -s, -ss, -sh, -ch, -x, -z | + es | bus → buses, class → classes, dish → dishes, watch → watches, box → boxes |
| consonant + y | y → ies | city → cities, baby → babies, party → parties |
| vowel + y | + s | day → days, key → keys, boy → boys |
| -f / -fe | → ves (most) | knife → knives, wife → wives, half → halves, shelf → shelves |
| consonant + o | + es (some) | tomato → tomatoes, potato → potatoes (but photo → photos, radio → radios) |
- ከአንድ በላይ ከሆነ ቁጥር በኋላ ብዙ ቁጥር ይጠቀሙ፦ two years, five dollars, 30 minutes።
- ከ s, sh, ch እና x በኋላ የሚመጣው -es ተጨማሪ ድምፅ ነው፦ bus-es, watch-es።
- እንደ ቅጽል የሚያገለግል ቁጥር ነጠላ ሆኖ ይቀራል፦ a ten-dollar bill, a two-hour shift።
- I have three classes on Tuesday.
- There are two buses to the Strip from here.
- Many cities in Nevada are small.
- She washed the dishes and put the knives away.
- He works two eight-hour shifts on the weekend.
ከሕግ ውጭ የሆኑ ብዙ ቁጥሮችና ሁልጊዜ ብዙ የሆኑ ስሞች
ጥቂት በጣም የተለመዱ ስሞች -s ከመጨመር ይልቅ አናባቢያቸውን ይቀይራሉ ወይም -en ይጨምራሉ። እንደ ጥንድ ያጥኗቸው። አንዳንድ ስሞች በነጠላም በብዙም አንድ ናቸው፤ አንዳንዶቹ ደግሞ ሁለት ክፍል ስላላቸው ሁልጊዜ ብዙ ናቸው (jeans, scissors)። የ person የተለመደው ብዙ ቁጥር people ነው።
| Singular | Plural |
|---|---|
| man / woman | men / women |
| child | children |
| person | people |
| tooth / foot | teeth / feet |
| mouse | mice |
| sheep / fish | sheep / fish (no change) |
| — | jeans, pants, glasses, scissors, clothes (always plural) |
- people, children, men እና women ቀድመው ብዙ ማለት ናቸው፦ -s በፍጹም አይጨምሩ።
- ሁልጊዜ ብዙ የሆኑ ስሞች የብዙ ግሥ ይወስዳሉ፦ My glasses are on the table። ለአንድ a pair of ይጠቀሙ፦ a pair of jeans።
- Two women and three men work in the kitchen.
- How many people live in your house?
- The children brush their teeth before bed.
- These pants are too long.
የተለመዱ ስህተቶች
| ስህተት | ትክክል | ለምን |
|---|---|---|
| I have two children. | After two, use the plural; child → children is irregular. | |
| Many people came to the party. | people is already plural. | |
| I lived here for five years. | After a number bigger than one, add -s. | |
| There are many cities in California. | Consonant + y → -ies. | |
| I go to work on Monday. | Days of the week are proper nouns and take a capital letter. | |
| My jeans are new. | jeans is always plural, so use are. |
ልምምድ
እያንዳንዱ መልስ ወዲያው ከምክንያቱ ጋር ይታረማል። እዚህ ምንም አይቀመጥም።
Plural of “bus”: ___
Plural of “city”: ___
Plural of “child”: ___
Plural of “key”:
Plural of “knife”:
How many ___ work at your company?
Plural of “watch”: ___
Which needs a capital letter?
It's a ___ drive to Los Angeles.
Plural of “tooth”: ___
My new glasses ___ expensive.