The passive voice
ተገብሮ ድምፅ (passive voice)
be + past participle፦ ዓረፍተ ነገሩ የሚጀምረው ድርጊቱን በሚቀበለው ነገር እንጂ በሚሠራው ሰው አይደለም። ሠሪው ሳይታወቅ፣ አስፈላጊ ሳይሆን ወይም ግልጽ ሲሆን፣ እና በመደበኛ ማስታወቂያዎች ይውላል።
passive ምንድን ነው፣ መቼስ ይውላል
አማርኛም ተገብሮ አለው፤ ብዙ ጊዜ በ ተ-፦ ሰረቀ → ተሰረቀ፣ ሠራ → ተሠራ። እንግሊዝኛ በ be + past participle ይሠራዋል። የገቢሩ ዓረፍተ ነገር ተሳቢ ባለቤት ይሆናል። ማን እንደሠራው ሳያውቁ (My bike was stolen)፣ ሠሪው ሳያስፈልግ (The office is cleaned every night)፣ ወይም በዜና፣ በደንብና በፎርም (Applications must be submitted by Friday) ይጠቀሙበት።
| Active | Passive |
|---|---|
| Someone stole my bike. | My bike was stolen. |
| They clean the office every night. | The office is cleaned every night. |
| The city will close the road. | The road will be closed. |
| A dog bit my son. | My son was bitten by a dog. |
- passive = be (በትክክለኛው ጊዜ) + past participle። ጊዜውን የሚይዘው be ነው፤ participle አይለወጥም።
- ተሳቢ ያላቸው ግሦች ብቻ passive ይሆናሉ፦ It was happened ማለት አይቻልም።
- ጥያቄና አሉታዊ በ be በኩል ይሠራሉ፦ Was it sent? It wasn't sent።
- Our car was towed last night.
- Spanish is spoken in many homes in Las Vegas.
- The pool is closed for repairs.
- Was your application accepted?
- Rent is paid on the first of every month.
passive በሁሉም ጊዜያት
ማንኛውንም ጊዜ passive ለማድረግ be ን በዚያ ጊዜ ያስቀምጡና past participle ይጨምሩ። የቀጣይ passive being ይጠቀማል፤ የፍጹም passive been ይጠቀማል። ከሞዳል በኋላ be + past participle ይጠቀሙ።
| Tense | Form | Example |
|---|---|---|
| present simple | am / is / are + p.p. | The trash is collected on Tuesdays. |
| present continuous | am / is / are being + p.p. | The elevator is being repaired. |
| past simple | was / were + p.p. | The house was built in 1998. |
| past continuous | was / were being + p.p. | The road was being cleaned when we arrived. |
| present perfect | has / have been + p.p. | Your package has been delivered. |
| past perfect | had been + p.p. | The tickets had been sold before we got there. |
| future (will) | will be + p.p. | You will be paid on Friday. |
| future (going to) | am / is / are going to be + p.p. | A new school is going to be built here. |
| modals | modal + be + p.p. | This form must be signed by a parent. |
- is cleaning (ገቢር፣ -ing) እና is cleaned (ተገብሮ፣ participle) አንድ አይደሉም።
- ኢመደበኛ ግሦች ሦስተኛውን ቅርጽ ይፈልጋሉ፦ was stolen, has been written, will be taken።
- Customers are being served in the order they arrived.
- Has the bill been paid yet?
- All visitors must be signed in at the front desk.
- The results will be sent by email.
by + ሠሪ፣ እና get-passive
by + ሠሪውን የሚጨምሩት አዲስ ወይም አስፈላጊ መረጃ ሲሆን ብቻ ነው፦ The song was written by a famous singer። ምንም ካልጨመረ አያስገቡት፦ English is spoken in America (by people አያስፈልግም)። በዕለት ንግግር get + past participle ብዙ ጊዜ በእኛ ላይ ለሚደርሱ ጥሩም ሆኑ መጥፎ ነገሮች ይውላል፦ I get paid on Fridays። She got hired። He got hurt at work።
| get-passive | Meaning |
|---|---|
| get paid | receive your pay |
| get hired / get fired | be given a job / lose a job |
| get married / get divorced | marry / divorce |
| get hurt / get injured | be hurt |
| get stuck | be unable to move (in traffic, in an elevator) |
| get towed | your car is taken away |
- by ን ሠሪው አስፈላጊ ሲሆን ብቻ ይጠቀሙ፦ The lease was signed by both tenants።
- get-passive መደበኛ ያልሆነ ነው፤ በመደበኛ ጽሑፍ be ይጠቀሙ።
- ከ get ጋር ጥያቄና አሉታዊ do ይጠቀማሉ፦ Did you get paid? I didn't get chosen።
- The new park was designed by local students.
- We got stuck in traffic on the 15.
- My cousin got hired at a casino last month.
- Did your car get towed?
የተለመዱ ስህተቶች
| ስህተት | ትክክል | ለምን |
|---|---|---|
| The package was delivered yesterday. | The passive needs be + past participle. | |
| The form must be signed. | After a modal: be + past participle. | |
| My phone was stolen. | Use the past participle, not the past simple. | |
| This house was built in 1990. | The passive cannot drop be (was). | |
| The rent is paid on the first. | -ing is active; the passive uses the past participle. | |
| English is spoken in America. | Leave out by + agent when it adds nothing. |
ልምምድ
እያንዳንዱ መልስ ወዲያው ከምክንያቱ ጋር ይታረማል። እዚህ ምንም አይቀመጥም።
The office ___ every night.
My car ___ stolen last week. (one word)
Your order ___ tomorrow.
The windows were ___ (break) in the storm.
The new clinic ___ right now.
They have sent the letter. → The letter has ___ sent. (one word)
This form must ___ by a parent.
Informal: I ___ paid every Friday. (one word, not am)
Which sentence needs by + agent?
Someone repaired the roof. → The roof ___ repaired. (one word)